Water management has become increasingly complex as floods and droughts intensify worldwide. Earth Observation (EO) technologies now play a vital role in monitoring and managing water resources. Applications include land use and flood mapping, drought assessment, snow and wetland monitoring, and water quality evaluation. Multispectral sensors such as Landsat-8, Sentinel-2, and SPOT provide critical data for these analyses. The GRACE mission, combined with platforms like TRMM and MODIS, enables estimation of total water storage, groundwater levels, and surface water balance. Integrating satellite and ground observations improves understanding of hydrological changes and drought impacts. EO-based water management contributes directly to achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly clean water and sanitation (SDG 6), zero hunger (SDG 2), and poverty reduction (SDG 1). The growing availability of EO data offers significant opportunities to strengthen resilience and promote sustainable water management worldwide.
